What is the difference between psychological dependence and addiction?

Psychological Dependence refers to situations where there is no physical withdrawal, yet there is a compulsion to continue using a substance or carrying out an act. Sex “addiction” is a good example, as is the compulsion to eat sugar.

There is a wide gray area between PD and addiction. For example, some heavy users of marijuana suffer withdrawal when they stop using, which qualifies them as addicted. Others have no overt physical symptoms, but become psychologically disturbed.

As far as treatment is concerned, there is no real difference, apart from the possible need to detox from an addictive substance.

What is the success rate of alcohol intervention?

Although not a sure thing, a well-executed intervention is often the best means of getting through to an alcoholic or addict the idea that their behavior is not only ruining his or her life, but also having a terrible impact on others.  [It worked on me!]

Success depends on a number of variables:

  • The definition of intervention
  • The skill and care with which the intervention is planned
  • The person who is the object of the intervention.
  • The definition of success
  • The source of the statistics

Intervention can be anything from threatening to move out of the home, to edicts from a judge or a commanding officer, to a clinically planned and executed process involving family, employer, friends and other people important to the alcoholic. The last is the preferred method.

The individual must be in a mental state where he or she is vulnerable to the pleas of the people in his or her life. If their life is going fine, no problems that they can perceive — or if they are the kind of person who actually isn’t much affected by the cares and needs of others — then the attempt may be doomed to failure.

If “success” means getting them into treatment, then the rate is fairly high: probably above 50%. If it means completing a full course of treatment and aftercare, the success rate is substantially less.

If success is measured by continuous sobriety from the point of entering treatment until death, it is probably in the 15 – 20% range at most, even allowing for a relapse or two.

The problem with statistics is that, by Federal Statute, alcohol treatment is seriously confidential. Furthermore, outcomes over time are pretty much a guess, since it is pretty hard to track people whose treatment was confidential to begin with, many of whom have no desire to remain in contact with the treatment facility. Thus, these are educated guesses based on the literature and personal experience with people in treatment and their subsequent progress.

What do cross addiction and cross dependence mean?

All addictions work in the same parts of the brain, by modifying or imitating the production of neurotransmitters that cause pleasant feelings. This is as true of shopping addiction as it is of heroin. Thus, people who have taught themselves that their moods and feelings can be altered by certain actions or chemicals, have a very good chance of cross-addiction to chemicals and actions that have similar effects. Gambling, for example, is the number two substitute addiction for alcoholics and addicts, after relationships.

In a slightly different sense, the actions of some chemicals are so similar that a person addicted to one will almost automatically become addicted to the other. Alcohol and benzodiazepine tranquilizers are one example. Heroin and other opioid drugs are another, as are alcohol and heroin.

Cross addiction and cross dependence are the same thing, really. “Cross dependence” is just a way of saying it that makes it sound less important. Thus the term is much favored by drug companies.

Why Exercise Makes You Less Anxious

You’re probably asking yourself, “Why would he think I’d care?” Well, you’d better care. Stress of one kind or another is the number-one cause of relapse.
Phys Ed: Why Exercise Makes You Less Anxious – Well Blog – NYTimes.com

For years, both in popular imagination and in scientific circles, it has been a given that exercise enhances mood. But how exercise, a physiological activity, might directly affect mood and anxiety — psychological states — was unclear. Now, thanks in no small part to improved research techniques and a growing understanding of the biochemistry and the genetics of thought itself, scientists are beginning to tease out how exercise remodels the brain, making it more resistant to stress.

 

You can cut back on alcohol

You can cut back on alcohol — latimes.com

“We’re on the cusp of some major advances in how we conceptualize alcoholism,” says Dr. Mark Willenbring, director of treatment and recovery research at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The institute is the nation’s leading authority on alcoholism and the major provider of funds for alcohol research. “The focus now is on the large group of people who are not yet dependent. But they are at risk for developing dependence.”

This is an interesting idea, but we need to be clear that it refers to people who have not already crossed the line with regard to alcohol addiction. For those folks, once clean, total abstinence is the only safe course.

So, how much do addictions cost us?

…studies compiled by various government health agencies show that the five most-chronicled “hard” addictions — alcohol, drugs, tobacco, gambling and eating disorders — are what society truly pays for. Those maladies cost taxpayers and businesses $590 billion annually, primarily in lost productivity and government-assisted medical treatment. That’s about 5% of the national debt. And it doesn’t count the sometimes bankrupting amounts of money those people personally spend on drugs, liquor, cigarettes or at the craps tables. Economically, those purchases are treated as pure transfer payments, no different than any other form of shopping….

Now, if those issues cost that much, why do you suppose the government puts up with it?  How much do your figure the politicians are raking in from the people who sell this stuff, one way or another?
The 5 most expensive addictions – MSN Money

Boosting Medical Students’ Training in Drug Abuse

Boosting Medical Students’ Training in Drug Abuse – Health Blog – WSJ

Today, the National Institute on Drug Abuse jumped into the fray, announcing new teaching tools designed to help doctors-in-training — medical students and residents — learn about assessing and treating patients with abuse problems, including tobacco, prescription drugs and illicit substances.

How about alcohol, the most-abused drug of all by a wide margin?

Sex addiction rehab

Sex addiction rehab – like that of ESPN’s Steve Phillips – can provide help for serial cheaters

A beautiful family, financial security, an enviable career – in other words, the seemingly perfect life. Yet for high-profile men like actor David Duchovny and fired ESPN analyst Steve Phillips, an addiction to sex ended in a highly publicized stint in rehab. Their addiction is no different from other forms of addiction, experts say, wrecking relationships, destroying families and causing losses, pain and heartbreak.

Oh, it’s not an addiction? What’s more mood-altering?

Editorial: Who needs drug courts?

Editorial: Who needs drug courts? | Philadelphia Inquirer | 10/17/2009

The National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers conducted the two-year study that says drug courts too often suck up a community’s drug-treatment funds to use on nonviolent criminals like Britt Reid, who may have their own resources to deal with their addictions.

Meanwhile, other defendants, including men arrested for domestic violence whose acts are clearly related to their addictions, are denied entry into a drug-court program that would address their drug or alcohol abuse.

“Too often, the criteria and process for admission into drug court is guided by tough-on-crime politics, focusing on first-time or nonviolent offenders, with little consideration of smart-on-crime approaches that target those most in need of treatment,” said the defense lawyers’ report….

Millions struggle, lack access to substance abuse treatment

In September, the country observed National Alcohol and Drug Addiction Recovery month. The observance highlights the societal benefits of substance abuse treatment, the contributions of treatment providers and promotes the message that recovery from substance abuse in all its forms is not impossible.

According to a U.S. Health Department survey, 23.1 million Americans need specialized treatment for a substance abuse problem, but only approximately 10 percent, or just 2.3 million people, get help.

Millions struggle, lack access to substance abuse treatment

Q&A: Does Methadone Detox Work?

Methadone has three medical uses: pain control, maintenance and detox.

Maintenance

In maintenance programs, the addict is given measured doses of a less-intoxicating drug that will allow him or her to function better — take care of business, hold down a job, etc.

While this form of treatment, using Methadone, is popular due to government programs, most addiction professionals consider it unacceptable, as it does nothing to help the person recover from the addiction. Continue reading

South Florida pain-clinic doctors also treating drug addicts

State regulators stripped Dr. Michael I. Rose’s power to write prescriptions two months ago, after health officials found that the pain-clinic doctor had prescribed enough painkillers to put one patient “at risk of death from overdose.”

The health department findings are all the more alarming given the North Miami physician’s other specialty: drug-addiction treatment.
http://www.miamiherald.com/news/southflorida/story/1402574.html

These people are unprofessional, unethical scumbags. Someone needs to hook ‘em, then let them find out what it’s like to shake out.

Why 12 Step Will Not Work

Why 12 Step Will Not Work

…it’s the American way, that pioneering spirit, the rugged individualist, the one who made it to the top. Frank Sinatra sang “I did it MY way.” Not only do we, as a people, want to do it our way, we want instant gratification, and anything that does not fit those two important criteria will not be accepted….